We expect authors, reviewers and editors to act with honesty and fairness at every stage of publication.
Authors
- Submit original work that is not under consideration elsewhere.
- List everyone who made a substantial contribution as an author.
- Disclose funding sources and any competing interests.
Reviewers
- Treat manuscripts as confidential documents.
- Decline to review where a conflict of interest exists.
Handling concerns
Suspected plagiarism, data fabrication or duplicate publication are investigated by the editorial office. Outcomes may include corrections, expressions of concern or retraction.
Last updated 05 Jan 2026